Schizophrenia and Psychotic Disorders
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| 1. The following concepts are matched correctly with the person that proposed the idea: | |
| A. Greisinger - ‘unitary psychosis’ |
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| B. Kraepelin - ‘dementia praecox’ |
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| C. Bleuler - ‘praecox feeling’ |
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| D. Langfeldt - ‘systemic schizophrenia’ |
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| E. Carpenter - ‘deficit syndrome’ |
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| 2. The following are Schneiderian 1st Rank symptoms: | |
| A. Thought echo |
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| B. Ideas of reference |
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| C. Somatic hallucinations |
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| D. Delusional mood |
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| E. Flatness of affect |
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| 3. Regarding the epidemiology and associations of schizophrenia: | |
| A. Increased rate in Sweden |
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| B. Increased rate in US Hutterites |
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| C. Association with brain injury |
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| D. The positive association with rheumatoid arthritis suggests an immunological basis |
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| E. Increased incidence in Afro-Caribbean migrants to the UK |
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| 4. In schizophrenia: | |
| A. The risk of bipolar illness is increased in 1st degree relatives of schizophrenic patients |
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| B. The risk of schizophrenia is increased in 1st degree relatives of patients with schizoaffective disorder |
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| C. Although eye-movement abnormalities are found in relatives of schizophrenics, evoked potentials are normal |
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| D. There is a 10 % risk of schizophrenia in siblings of affected individuals |
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| E. There is a 25 % risk of schizophrenia in children of affected parents |
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| 5. Regarding the aetiology of schizophrenia: | |
| A. The brains of twins discordant for schizophrenia are normal, indicating that brain abnormalities are a significant aetiological factor |
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| B. Chromosome 5 has been implicated |
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| C. The D4 dopamine receptor gene is located on chromosome 5 |
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| D. Patients born in winter have an increased risk for the disorder |
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| E. Exposure to the influenza virus in the 1st trimester has been implicated |
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| 6. Regarding the aetiology of schizophrenia: | |
| A. Higher incidence in men |
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| B. Men develop the illness 8-10 years before women |
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| C. Fertility rates among schizophrenic patients are reduced by 25 % |
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| D. Increased prevalence in urban settings, particularly among females |
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| E. The ‘Breeder Hypothesis’ was proposed by Farris and Dunham |
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| 7. The following statements are about aetiological concepts: | |
| A. Social drift hypothesis suggests that stresses related to deprived areas increase the risk for schizophrenia |
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| B. Bateson (1956) implicated the role of the ‘schizophrenogenic mother’ |
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| C. Lidz (1957) developed ‘Family Schism Theory’ |
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| D. Schizophrenics have more life events in the 6 weeks preceding relapse or admission |
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| E. Life events tend to be clustered in the 3 weeks preceding admission |
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| 8. The following statements relate to findings in schizophrenia: | |
| A. The brains of schizophrenics are 6 % lighter and 4 % smaller than normal controls |
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| B. There is a reduced number of neurones in the temporal lobes |
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| C. Increased disorganization of neurones in the hippocampus |
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| D. Schizophrenic patients tend to have enlarged 3rd ventricles |
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| E. Enlarged lateral ventricles are correlated with good response to treatment |
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| 9. Regarding brain changes in Schizophrenia: | |
| A. Changes are less evident in the left side of the brain |
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| B. The syndrome of ‘reality distortion’ is associated with decreased blood flow in the left parahippocampal gyrus |
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| C. Psychomotor poverty is associated with increased blood flow in the caudate nuclei |
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| D. ‘Disorganization’ is associated with decreased blood flow in the right prefrontal cortex, and the right anterior cingulate |
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| E. EEGs show decreased theta activity, especially in the acute illness |
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| 10. Biochemical changes found in schizophrenia include: | |
| A. Dopamine receptor supersensitivity following antipsychotic treatment |
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| B. Dopamine underactivity in the mesolimbic pathways may be responsible for schizophrenia |
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| C. Reduced GABA receptors in the temporal lobe |
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| D. Increased GABA receptors in the orbitofrontal cortex |
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| E. Abnormal cholecystokinin (CCK) function |
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| 11. Neuropsychological abnormalities include: | |
| A. Defects in verbal learning and memory |
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| B. The Wisconsin Card Sorting Test shows no abnormality in schizophrenic patients |
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| C. Impaired short term memory |
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| D. Normal long term memory |
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| E. Impairment of verbal memory and learning suggests left temporal-hippocampal involvement |
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| 12. Predictors of good outcome in schizophrenia include: | |
| A. Florid psychotic presentation |
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| B. Prominent affective symptoms |
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| C. Acute onset |
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| D. Older age at onset |
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| E. Long initial episode |
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| 13. In schizophrenia: | |
| A. Less than 5 % of suicides are by schizophrenic patients |
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| B. Suicide usually occurs in the late stages of the illness |
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| C. Illness course may plateau after the first 5 years |
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| D. Overall mortality (removing the increased risk of suicide) is normal |
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| E. More benign course in developing countries |
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| 14. Regarding the treatment of schizophrenia: | |
| A. Low dose neuroleptics are as effective as other regimes |
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| B. 5 % of patients are treatment-resistant |
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| C. Clozapine is a second line drug for treatment-resistant schizophrenia |
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| D. ECT can be useful in catatonic, or depressive states |
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| E. Psychosocial treatments are of little benefit |
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| 15. The following are true of schizoaffective disorder: | |
| A. It was first described by Kasanin |
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| B. Schizodepressive subtypes are more related to schizophrenia |
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| C. Schizomanic subtypes are more related to affective disorders |
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| D. Schizophrenic symptoms are associated with a good outcome |
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| E. Schizomanic patients have an episodic course, with a poorer outcome |
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| 16. The following are recognized associations with delusional jealousy: | |
| A. Depression |
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| B. Alcoholism |
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| C. Impotence |
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| D. Personality disorder |
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| E. Pervasive sense of inadequacy |
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