| 1. The following are true in anxiety: |
|
| A. Heart rate shows reduced deceleration after stress |
T |
| B. There is less beat-to-beat variation in heart rate |
F |
| C. Increased skin conductance |
T |
| D. Increased central NA and 5-HT activity |
T |
| E. Imipramine can induce panic in some people |
F |
| |
|
| 2. In hyperventilation there is: |
|
| A. Bronchodilation |
F |
| B. Exaggerated sinus rhythm |
T |
| C. Vasodilation of cerebral arteries |
F |
| D. Reduced availability of oxyhaemoglobin |
T |
| E. Irritability of the autonomic nervous system |
T |
| |
|
| 3. The following are associated with phobic anxiety disorders: |
|
| A. Enuresis |
T |
| B. Sexual problems |
T |
| C. Schizophrenia |
F |
| D. Dependent personality traits |
T |
| E. Major depressive disorder |
F |
| |
|
| 4. In agoraphobia: |
|
| A. A common fear can be confinement |
T |
| B. Women are affected more than men |
T |
| C. Panic attacks are uncommon |
F |
| D. Mean age of onset is in the teens |
F |
| E. The majority of sufferers are unmarried |
F |
| |
|
| 5. In agoraphobia: |
|
| A. 1st degree relatives of sufferers of panic disorder are at an increased risk of agoraphobia |
F |
| B. Lifetime prevalence is 20 % |
F |
| C. Patients tend to have a more unstable home background |
T |
| D. About 40 % of patients have depression or dysthymia |
T |
| E. There is an association with social phobia |
T |
| |
|
| 6. Regarding social phobia: |
|
| A. Age of onset is in the late 30s |
F |
| B. Men are affected more than women |
F |
| C. Alcohol abuse is more common than in other phobias |
T |
| D. Six month prevalence is about 5 % |
F |
| E. There is a possible genetic link |
T |
| |
|
| 7. In social phobia: |
|
| A. Dopamine activity may be abnormal |
T |
| B. There is a reported association with mitral valve prolapse |
F |
| C. MAOIs are effective treatments |
T |
| D. Buspirone is as effective as MAOIs |
F |
| E. Secondary depression may occur |
T |
| |
|
| 8. Regarding specific phobias: |
|
| A. They are more common in women |
T |
| B. More men suffer from needle phobias |
F |
| C. Age of onset is usually in late adolescence |
F |
| D. They can be under voluntary control |
F |
| E. Avoidance is uncommon |
F |
| |
|
| 9. Regarding specific phobias: |
|
| A. Boys are more likely to grow out of their phobias |
T |
| B. Females suffer from animal phobias more commonly |
F |
| C. Illness phobia is characterized by resistance |
F |
| D. Blood phobia often has a family history |
T |
| E. Classical conditioning is not thought to be involved |
F |
| |
|
| 10. Space phobia: |
|
| A. Tends to develop in the late 20s |
F |
| B. Is frequently accompanied by depressive illness |
F |
| C. Is associated with a stable personality |
T |
| D. Nystagmus is frequently to the left |
T |
| E. Dizziness can occur on turning the head to the right |
T |
| |
|
| 11. Panic disorder: |
|
| A. Has a lifetime prevalence of up to 3 % |
T |
| B. Average age of onset is 25 |
T |
| C. Has an equal sex ratio |
F |
| D. Is usually due to responses to a recognizable danger |
F |
| E. Anxiety is common between attacks |
F |
| |
|
| 12. The following substances can induce panic attacks: |
|
| A. Flumazenil |
T |
| B. Cholecystokinin |
T |
| C. Sodium Lactate |
T |
| D. Yohimbine |
T |
| E. MCCP |
T |
| |
|
| 13. The following are true in panic disorder: |
|
| A. There is an association with separation in early life |
T |
| B. Cognitive behavioural therapy is seldom used |
F |
| C. Antidepressants may cause over-stimulation during initial treatment |
T |
| D. PET scanning shows abnormalities in the right para-hippocampal area |
T |
| E. Panic attacks are seen psychoanalytically to involve reaction formation |
F |
| |
|
| 14. Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD): |
|
| A. Is characterized by "free-floating" anxiety |
T |
| B. Has equal sex prevalence |
F |
| C. Can present at any age |
T |
| D. Is more common in the third decade |
T |
| E. Seldom occurs with depressive symptoms |
F |
| |
|
| 15. Regarding the aetiology of GAD: |
|
| A. GABA dysfunction has been implicated |
T |
| B. Has no genetic predisposition |
F |
| C. Has no association with mitral valve prolapse |
F |
| D. Psychoanalytic theories suggest that anxiety is a symptom of unfulfilled ego desires |
F |
| E. Male relatives of sufferers are more likely to misuse opiates |
F |
| |
|
| 16. The following suggest a poorer prognosis: |
|
| A. Syncopal episodes |
T |
| B. Hysterical features |
T |
| C. Openness to therapy |
F |
| D. Derealization |
T |
| E. Hysterical features |
T |
| |
|
| 17. The Neurodevelopmental subtype of OCD is associated with: |
|
| A. Late onset of disorder |
F |
| B. More common in males |
T |
| C. Less incidence of neurological signs |
F |
| D. Eating disorders |
F |
| E. Good response to SSRIs |
F |
| |
|
| 18. The Primary subtype of OCD is associated with: |
|
| A. Episodic course |
T |
| B. Mood and anxiety symptoms |
T |
| C. More severe |
F |
| D. More common in females |
T |
| E. Frontal neuropsychological deficits |
T |
| |
|
| 19. The following are characteristic of obsessions and compulsions: |
|
| A. Recognized as originating from outside of the body |
F |
| B. Resistance to all thoughts or acts |
F |
| C. With compulsive acts, the act must be a purposeful one |
T |
| D. Acts can be performed without a set of rules |
F |
| E. The thoughts or impulses do not have to be unpleasant |
F |
| |
|
| 20. Regarding obsessional thoughts, acts, etc.: |
|
| A. Obsessional images have the quality of hallucinations |
F |
| B. Obsessional convictions may be delusional in intensity |
T |
| C. Handwashing is more common in women |
T |
| D. Obsessional slowness is more common in men |
T |
| E. Carrying out compulsive rituals results in an increase in anxiety |
F |
| |
|
| 21. Regarding obsessive compulsive disorder: |
|
| A. There is equal sex prevalence |
T |
| B. Women present later than men |
F |
| C. Mean age of onset is 20 years |
T |
| D. Patients tend to present quickly to psychiatric services |
F |
| E. Studies have shown a cumulative age effect |
F |
| |
|
| 22. The following statements about the aetiology of OCD are true: |
|
| A. MZ concordance suggests a genetic link |
T |
| B. Abnormal 5-HT function has been identified |
T |
| C. Many Tourette’s syndrome patients have obsessional symptoms |
T |
| D. One fifth of OCD patients have tics |
T |
| E. GABA function is abnormal |
F |
| |
|
| 23. The following processes occur in OCD according to psychoanalytic theory: |
|
| A. Isolation |
T |
| B. Projection |
F |
| C. Reaction formation |
T |
| D. Ambivalence |
T |
| E. Denial |
F |
| |
|
| 24. Personality traits associated with OCD include: |
|
| A. High expectations of unpleasant outcomes |
T |
| B. Anankastic traits |
T |
| C. Antisocial traits |
F |
| D. Perfectionism |
T |
| E. Erroneous perception of threat |
T |
| |
|
| 25. Brain imaging shows: |
|
| A. Increased blood flow in the caudate nucleus |
T |
| B. Decreased blood flow in the cingulate gyrus |
F |
| C. Orbitofrontal cortical hypoperfusion |
F |
| D. Reduced size of caudate nucleus |
T |
| E. Normalization of findings with pharmacotherapy |
T |
| |
|
| 26. The following treatments can be used to treat OCD: |
|
| A. Response prevention |
T |
| B. Thought stopping |
T |
| C. Behavioural therapy is especially effective for obsessional thoughts |
F |
| D. Clomipramine |
T |
| E. Subcaudate tractotomy |
T |
| |
|
| 27. Regarding Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD): |
|
| A. Only occurs at a young age |
F |
| B. Can be diagnosed if symptoms occur 9 months after a major trauma |
F |
| C. Re-experiencing the event, increased arousal, and persistent avoidance are the key symptoms |
T |
| D. A higher prevalence is reported in males |
F |
| E. Hypersomnia is a common symptom |
F |
| |
|
| 28. The following are associated with increased vulnerability to PTSD: |
|
| A. Childhood trauma |
T |
| B. Heavy alcohol intake |
T |
| C. Family psychiatric history |
T |
| D. Antisocial personality traits |
T |
| E. Recent stressful life changes |
T |
| |
|
| 29. The following have been reported in PTSD: |
|
| A. Decreased urinary catecholamines |
F |
| B. Impaired long-term memory |
F |
| C. Reduced hippocampal volume |
T |
| D. Reduced response of the Noradrenaline systems |
F |
| E. Increased blood and urinary cortisol in chronic PTSD |
F |
| |
|
| 30. In Dissociative disorders: |
|
| A. Primary gain is the benefit that is conferred by the symptoms |
F |
| B. A clear connection with stressful events is needed for the diagnosis to be made |
T |
| C. Freud proposed that the disorder was due to repressed ideas |
T |
| D. Kretschmer suggested a role for ‘reflex’ biological mechanisms |
T |
| E. Are synonymous with Briquet’s syndrome |
F |
| |
|
| 31. Dissociative amnesia: |
|
| A. Is more common in women |
T |
| B. Is more common in older adults |
F |
| C. Is associated with multiple sclerosis |
T |
| D. Is associated with epilepsy |
T |
| E. There is no history of recent traumatic events |
F |
| |
|
| 32. Somatform disorders: |
|
| A. Is the same as Briquet’s syndrome |
F |
| B. Can include Da Costa’s syndrome |
T |
| C. Have equal sex prevalence |
F |
| D. Includes irritable bowel syndrome |
T |
| E. Include hypochondriacal disorder |
T |
| |
|
| 33. Somatization disorder: |
|
| A. Usually presents after teenage years |
F |
| B. Is comorbid with alcoholism |
T |
| C. Is comorbid with personality disorder |
T |
| D. The ‘sick role’ was described by Mechanic |
F |
| E. Illness behaviour was described by Pilowsky |
T |
| |
|
| 34. Hypochondriacal disorder: |
|
| A. Is more common in women |
F |
| B. Age of onset is usually in the 40s |
F |
| C. Is frequently comorbid with anxiety and depressive illness |
T |
| D. Has an increased incidence of suicide |
F |
| E. Brain imaging shows marked abnormalities |
F |
